Merkel Cell Carcinoma: The Rare and Deadlier Form of Skin Cancer

Introduction

Sept. 5, 2023 – You may have heard of the three most common forms of skin cancer – basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma – but there is a rarer and deadlier form known as Merkel cell carcinoma.

The Case of Jimmy Buffett

The passing of popular singer and songwriter Jimmy Buffett, who died Friday at age 76 from Merkel cell carcinoma, has thrust this form of skin cancer into the spotlight. But what exactly is it? What are the warning signs, how different is it from other skin cancers, and how does it cause death?

Expert Insights

WebMD reached out to one of the preeminent experts on Merkel cell carcinoma for answers: Paul Nghiem, MD, PhD, chair of dermatology at the University of Washington School of Medicine and director of the Skin Oncology Clinical Program at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, both in Seattle.

Understanding Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that develops from Merkel cells, which are responsible for our sense of touch. Although rare, it is more likely to be lethal compared to other types of skin cancer.

Signs and Symptoms

Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes. The warning signs of Merkel cell carcinoma are often mistaken for harmless skin conditions or other types of cancer. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the following symptoms:

• Rapidly growing, painless nodules or tumors on the skin
• Red or purple discoloration of the skin
• Ulceration or bleeding from the nodules
• Hives or itching around the affected area

Differentiating Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma differs from other skin cancers in several ways:

• It is often found on sun-exposed areas, but can also occur on non-sun-exposed sites such as the head, neck, or genital region.
• Merkel cell carcinoma is associated with a virus known as the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) in about 80% of cases.
• Unlike other skin cancers, Merkel cell carcinoma does not usually arise from pre-existing precancerous lesions.

The Deadly Progression

Once Merkel cell carcinoma spreads beyond the primary tumor, it can rapidly metastasize to the lymph nodes and distant organs, such as the lungs, liver, or brain. This aggressive behavior often leads to a poor prognosis and limited treatment options.

Prevention and Early Detection

Although the exact cause of Merkel cell carcinoma is unknown, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Apply SPF 30 or higher sunscreen generously and regularly, especially on sun-exposed areas.
• Seek shade, especially during peak sun hours.
• Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps, as they can increase your risk of skin cancer.
• Perform regular skin self-examinations to detect any changes or new growths.

Conclusion

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that requires heightened awareness for early detection and treatment. By understanding the signs and symptoms, differentiating it from other skin cancers, and practicing preventive measures, we can improve the chances of early diagnosis and successful outcomes. Remember, a proactive approach towards your skin health can save lives.